Zida zopanda zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto zimaphatikizapo mapulasitiki, mphira, zomatira zomatira, zida zomangira, nsalu, magalasi, ndi zida zina. Zidazi zimaphatikizapo magawo osiyanasiyana a mafakitale monga mafuta a petrochemicals, mafakitale opepuka, nsalu, ndi zomangira. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda zitsulo pamagalimoto ndi chiwonetsero cha combined mphamvu zachuma ndi luso lamakono, ndipo imaphatikizansopo mitundu yambiri ya chitukuko chaukadaulo ndi kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale okhudzana.
Pakali pano, galasi CHIKWANGWANI reinZinthu zokakamizidwa zophatikizika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto zimaphatikiza magalasi opangira magalasi opangira thermoplastics (QFRTP), magalasi opangira magalasi opangidwa ndi thermoplastics (GMT), makina opangira ma sheet (SMC), zida zomangira utomoni (RTM), ndi zopangidwa ndi manja za FRP.
Waukulu galasi CHIKWANGWANI kulimbikitsaMapulasitiki opangidwa ndi magalasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto pano ndi magalasi a fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP), fiber fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) kapena PA6, komanso pang'ono, PBT ndi PPO zida.
Zopangira zolimbitsa PP (polypropylene) zimakhala ndi zolimba komanso zolimba, ndipo makina awo amatha kusinthidwa kangapo, ngakhale kangapo. PP yolimbikitsidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera a smonga mipando ya muofesi, mwachitsanzo mumipando ya ana yakumbuyo ndi mipando yakuofesi; Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu mafani axial ndi centrifugal mkati mwa zida zamafiriji monga mafiriji ndi ma air conditioners.
Zipangizo zolimbitsa thupi za PA (polyamide) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pamagalimoto okwera komanso ogulitsa, makamaka popanga tizigawo tating'onoting'ono. Zitsanzo ndi monga zotchingira zotchingira matupi a loko, ma wedge a inshuwaransi, mtedza wophatikizika, ma throttle pedals, ma gear shift guard, ndi zogwirira zotsegula. Ngati zinthu zosankhidwa ndi wopanga gawo ndizosakhazikikakhalidwe, njira yopanga ndi yosayenera, kapena zinthuzo sizinawumitsidwe bwino, zingayambitse kupasuka kwa ziwalo zofooka mu mankhwala.
Ndi automKuchulukirachulukira kwamakampani opanga zinthu zopepuka komanso zokondera chilengedwe, mafakitale amagalimoto akunja akutsamira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zida za GMT (glass mat thermoplastics) kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamapangidwe. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwa GMT, kuumbika kwakanthawi kochepa, kupanga kwachangu, kutsika mtengo kwapang'onopang'ono, komanso chilengedwe chosaipitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazinthu zazaka za 21st. GMT imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mabulaketi ogwirira ntchito zambiri, mabulaketi aku dashboard, mafelemu a mipando, zolondera injini, ndi mabatire a mabatire m'magalimoto onyamula anthu. Mwachitsanzo, Audi A6 ndi A4 omwe amapangidwa pano ndi FAW-Volkswagen amagwiritsa ntchito zida za GMT, koma sanakwaniritse kupanga kwawoko.
Kupititsa patsogolo magalimoto onse kuti akwaniritse zotsogola zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikukwaniritsaE kuchepetsa kulemera, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka, ndi kuchepetsa phokoso, mayunitsi apakhomo achita kafukufuku pakupanga ndi kupanga zinthu za GMT. Ali ndi mphamvu yopanga zinthu zambiri za GMT, ndipo mzere wopangira womwe umatulutsa matani 3000 azinthu za GMT wamangidwa ku Jiangyin, Jiangsu. Opanga magalimoto apakhomo akugwiritsanso ntchito zida za GMT popanga mitundu ina ndipo ayamba kupanga mayeso a batch.
Mapepala akamaumba pawiri (SMC) ndi yofunika galasi CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa thermosetting pulasitiki. Chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri, kupanga kwakukulu, komanso kuthekera kokwaniritsa malo a A-grade, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto. Panopa, ntchito yazida zakunja za SMC mumakampani amagalimoto zapita patsogolo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa SMC m'magalimoto kuli m'magawo amthupi, kuwerengera 70% yakugwiritsa ntchito kwa SMC. Kukula kofulumira kuli mu zigawo zamapangidwe ndi magawo opatsirana. M'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa SMC pamagalimoto akuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka ndi 22% mpaka 71%, pomwe m'mafakitale ena, kukula kudzakhala 13% mpaka 35%.
Ntchito Status ndi Njira Zachitukuko
1.Magalasi opangidwa ndi magalasi apamwamba kwambiri (SMC) akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazigawo zamagalimoto. Idawonetsedwa koyamba m'magawo amitundu iwiri ya Ford (Explorer ndi Ranger) mu 1995. Chifukwa cha ntchito zake zambiri, zimaganiziridwa kuti zili ndi ubwino pakupanga mapangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse mu dashboards zamagalimoto, machitidwe owongolera, makina a radiator, ndi zipangizo zamagetsi.
Mabulaketi apamwamba ndi apansi opangidwa ndi kampani yaku America ya Budd amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimakhala ndi 40% zamagalasi mu poliyesitala wosaturated. Kapangidwe ka kutsogoloku kawiri kameneka kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito, pomwe kutsogolo kwa kanyumba kakang'ono kumapita patsogolo. Chapamwamba bracket imakhazikika padenga lakutsogolo ndi kapangidwe ka thupi lakutsogolo, pomwe bulaketi yapansi imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi njira yozizira. Mabakiteriya awiriwa amalumikizana ndipo amagwirizana ndi denga lagalimoto ndi mawonekedwe a thupi kuti akhazikike kutsogolo.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotsika kwambiri za Sheet Molding Compound (SMC): Low-density SMC ili ndi mphamvu yokokay ya 1.3, ndipo ntchito zothandiza ndi mayeso awonetsa kuti ndi 30% yopepuka kuposa SMC wamba, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yokoka ya 1.9. Kugwiritsa ntchito kachulukidwe kakang'ono kameneka ka SMC kumatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa magawo pafupifupi 45% poyerekeza ndi magawo ofanana opangidwa ndi chitsulo. Mapanelo onse amkati ndi mkatikati mwa denga latsopano la mtundu wa Corvette '99 wolembedwa ndi General Motors ku USA amapangidwa ndi SMC yocheperako. Kuphatikiza apo, SMC yotsika kwambiri imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazitseko zamagalimoto, ma hood a injini, ndi zomangira zazikulu.
3. Ntchito zina za SMC pamagalimoto, kupitilira zomwe zatchulidwa kale, zikuphatikiza kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana.ife magawo ena. Izi zikuphatikizapo zitseko za cab, madenga opumira, zigoba zokulirapo, zitseko zonyamula katundu, zowonera dzuwa, mapaipi amthupi, mapaipi otsekera padenga, zingwe zam'mbali zamoto, ndi mabokosi amagalimoto, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaneli akunja. Pankhani ya ntchito zapakhomo, poyambitsa ukadaulo wopanga magalimoto onyamula anthu ku China, SMC idakhazikitsidwa koyamba m'magalimoto onyamula anthu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'zipinda zosungiramo matayala ndi zigoba zazikulu. Pakadali pano, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'magalimoto amalonda pazinthu monga mbale zovundikira zipinda za strut, matanki okulitsa, zowongolera liwiro la mizere, magawo akulu / ang'onoang'ono, misonkhano yophimba mpweya, ndi zina zambiri.
GFRP Composite MaterialMagalimoto a Leaf Springs
Njira ya Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) imaphatikizapo kukanikiza utomoni mu nkhungu yotsekedwa yokhala ndi ulusi wagalasi, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuchiritsa kutentha kapena kutentha. Poyerekeza ndi Mapepala a MoldiNjira ya ng Compound (SMC), RTM imapereka zida zopangira zosavuta, zotsika mtengo za nkhungu, komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri azinthu, koma ndizoyenera kupanga zapakati komanso zazing'ono. Pakadali pano, zida zamagalimoto zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya RTM kumayiko ena zafutukulidwa kukhala zophimba thupi lonse. Mosiyana, m'nyumba ku China, RTM akamaumba luso kupanga mbali magalimoto akadali mu chitukuko ndi kafukufuku siteji, kuyesetsa kufika pamiyeso kupanga zinthu zofanana akunja mawu a zopangira katundu makina, kuchiritsa nthawi, ndi specifications anamaliza mankhwala. Zigawo zamagalimoto zomwe zidapangidwa ndikufufuzidwa kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya RTM zikuphatikiza ma windshields, ma tailgates akumbuyo, ma diffuser, madenga, mabamper, ndi zitseko zokwezera kumbuyo zamagalimoto a Fukang.
Komabe, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mwachangu komanso moyenera njira ya RTM pamagalimoto, requikukonzanso kwazinthu zamapangidwe azinthu, kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, miyezo yowunikira, komanso kukwaniritsidwa kwa malo a A-grade ndizovuta kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto. Izi ndi zofunikanso kuti pakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa RTM popanga zida zamagalimoto.
Chifukwa chiyani FRP
Malinga ndi opanga magalimoto, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) poyerekeza ndi ena.er zipangizo, ndi wokongola kwambiri zina zakuthupi. Kutenga SMC/BMC (Sheet Molding Compound/Bulk Molding Compound) monga zitsanzo:
* Kuchepetsa kulemera
* Kuphatikiza kwazinthu
* Design kusinthasintha
* Kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama
* Imathandizira kuphatikiza machitidwe a antenna
* Kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono (kocheperako kocheperako komwe kumawonjezera kutentha kofananira ndi chitsulo)
* Imasunga magwiridwe antchito apamwamba pamikhalidwe yotentha kwambiri
Yogwirizana ndi E-coating (kupenta pakompyuta)
Oyendetsa magalimoto amadziwa bwino kuti kukana kwa mpweya, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti drag, kwakhala kofunikira nthawi zonsemdani kwa magalimoto. Malo akulu akutsogolo a magalimoto, ma chassis apamwamba, ndi ma trailer owoneka bwino amawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kukana mpweya.
Kulimbanampweya kukana, amene mosalephera kumawonjezera katundu wa injini, mofulumira liwiro, kwambiri kukana. Kuchuluka kwa katundu chifukwa cha kukana kwa mpweya kumabweretsa mafuta ambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa kulimba kwa mphepo komwe magalimoto amakumana nawo ndipo motero amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mainjiniya asokoneza ubongo wawo. Kuphatikiza pa kutengera mapangidwe aaerodynamic a kanyumbako, zida zambiri zawonjezeredwa kuti zichepetse kukana kwa mpweya pa chimango ndi mbali yakumbuyo ya ngolo. Kodi zidazi zidapangidwa kuti zichepetse kulimba kwa mphepo pamagalimoto?
Deflectors Padenga / Mbali
Deflectors padenga ndi m'mbali amapangidwa kuti aletse mphepo kugunda molunjika bokosi lonyamula katundu, ndikuwongolera mpweya wambiri kuti uziyenda bwino ndikuzungulira kumtunda ndi mbali zam'mbali za ngoloyo, m'malo mokhudza kutsogolo kwa trailer. njiraer, zomwe zimayambitsa kukana kwakukulu. Zopotoka zokhala ndi angled moyenera komanso kutalika zimatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kukana komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi ngolo.
Siketi Zam'mbali Zagalimoto
Masiketi am'mbali agalimoto amawongolera mbali za chassis, ndikuziphatikiza mosasunthika ndi thupi lagalimoto. Amaphimba zinthu monga matanki a gasi okhala m'mbali ndi matanki amafuta, kumachepetsa malo awo akutsogolo omwe amakumana ndi mphepo, motero kumathandizira kuyenda bwino kwa mpweya popanda kuyambitsa chipwirikiti.
Bumpe wapansir
Bampu yopititsira pansi imachepetsa mpweya wolowa pansi pagalimoto, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukana komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kukangana pakati pa chassis ndi chassis.mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, mabampa ena okhala ndi mabowo owongolera samangochepetsa kupirira kwa mphepo komanso kuwongolera mpweya wolunjika ku ng'oma za mabuleki kapena ma brake disc, zomwe zimathandiza kuzizira kwa mabuleki agalimoto.
Cargo Box Side Deflectors
Zopotoka m'mbali mwa bokosi lonyamula katundu zimaphimba mbali ya mawilo ndikuchepetsa mtunda pakati pa chipinda chonyamula katundu ndi pansi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamachepetsa mpweya wolowa m'mbali mwa galimotoyo. Chifukwa chakuti amaphimba mbali ina ya magudumu, magudumuwa amapatukactors amachepetsanso chipwirikiti chifukwa cha kugwirizana pakati pa matayala ndi mpweya.
Kumbuyo Deflector
Zapangidwa kuti zisokonezet mpweya wotuluka kumbuyo, umayendetsa mpweya, motero umachepetsa kukoka kwa aerodynamic.
Ndiye, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma deflectors ndi zophimba pamagalimoto? Kuchokera pazomwe ndasonkhanitsa, pamsika wampikisano kwambiri, fiberglass (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti pulasitiki yolimbitsa magalasi kapena GRP) imayamikiridwa chifukwa chopepuka, yamphamvu kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, ndi r.kuyenerera pakati pa katundu wina.
Fiberglass ndi zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wagalasi ndi zinthu zake (monga nsalu zagalasi za fiber, mphasa, ulusi, ndi zina) monga kulimbikitsa, ndi utomoni wopangira womwe umakhala ngati matrix.
Fiberglass Deflectors / Zophimba
Europe idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi a fiberglass m'magalimoto kuyambira 1955, ndikuyesa matupi achitsanzo a STM-II. Mu 1970, dziko la Japan linagwiritsa ntchito magalasi a fiberglass kupanga zophimba zokongoletsera za mawilo agalimoto, ndipo mu 1971 Suzuki inapanga zophimba za injini ndi zotchingira kuchokera ku fiberglass. M'zaka za m'ma 1950, UK idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi a fiberglass, m'malo mwa makabati am'mbuyomu achitsulo, monga omwe anali mu For.d S21 ndi magalimoto atatu-mawilo, amene anabweretsa kalembedwe watsopano ndi zochepa okhwima magalimoto a nthawi imeneyo.
Kunyumba ku China, ena manufacturers achita ntchito yayikulu popanga matupi agalimoto a fiberglass. Mwachitsanzo, FAW idapanga bwino zovundikira injini zamagalasi a fiberglass ndi makabati okhala ndi mphuno zathyathyathya, zopindika m'mwamba. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za fiberglass m'magalimoto apakatikati komanso olemetsa ku China kuli ponseponse, kuphatikiza injini yamphuno yayitali.zophimba, mabampa, zovundikira kutsogolo, zophimba padenga la kanyumba, masiketi am'mbali, ndi zopindika. Wopanga zodziwikiratu zapakhomo, Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., amachitira chitsanzo ichi. Ngakhale zipinda zina zazikulu zogona zapanjala zotchuka za ku America zokhala ndi mphuno zazitali ndizopangidwa ndi fiberglass.
Zopepuka, zolimba kwambiri, zadzimbiri-osagwirizana, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto
Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika mtengo, kadulidwe kakang'ono ka kupanga, komanso kusinthika kwamphamvu kwapangidwe, zida za fiberglass zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zambiri zopanga magalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, zaka zingapo zapitazo, magalimoto apanyumba anali opangidwa monyanyira komanso osasunthika, ndipo masitayelo ake akunja anali achilendo. Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha misewu zoweta, which kwambiri kunalimbikitsa mayendedwe aatali, vuto lopanga mawonekedwe a kanyumba kayekha kuchokera kuchitsulo chonse, mtengo wokwera wa nkhungu, komanso nkhani ngati dzimbiri ndi kudontha kwa nyumba zokhala ndi ma welds ambiri zidapangitsa opanga ambiri kusankha magalasi a fiberglass okhala ndi zivundikiro zadenga la kanyumba.
Masiku ano, magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito fizida za berglass zophimba kutsogolo ndi mabampu.
Fiberglass imadziwika ndi kupepuka kwake komanso mphamvu yayikulu, yokhala ndi kachulukidwe koyambira pakati pa 1.5 ndi 2.0. Izi ndi pafupifupi kotala mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a kachulukidwe ka chitsulo cha kaboni komanso kutsika kuposa kwa aluminiyamu. Poyerekeza ndi 08F chitsulo, 2.5mm wandiweyani fiberglass alimphamvu yofanana ndi chitsulo 1mm wandiweyani. Kuphatikiza apo, magalasi a fiberglass amatha kupangidwa mosinthika malinga ndi zosowa, kupereka kukhulupirika kwathunthu komanso kupangidwa kwabwino kwambiri. Zimalola kusankha kosinthika kwa njira zowumba kutengera mawonekedwe, cholinga, ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthucho. Njira yowumba ndiyosavuta, nthawi zambiri imafuna sitepe imodzi yokha, ndipo zinthuzo zimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri. Imatha kukana mlengalenga, madzi, komanso kuchuluka kwa ma acid, maziko, ndi mchere. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto ambiri pakadali pano amagwiritsa ntchito zida za fiberglass popangira mabampa akutsogolo, zofunda zakutsogolo, masiketi am'mbali, ndi zopotoka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-02-2024
